Medellin. September 2009
What a galaxy is
A galaxy is a massive system of stars, clouds of gas, planets, powder, and dark matter gravitationally united. The quantity of stars a galaxy That form is variable, from the dwarf, with 10 7 , Until the giants, with 10 12 stars. There exist inside a galaxy substructure like nebulae, stellar clusters and stellar systems
Historically, the galaxies Have Been Classified According To Their Apparent form (visual morphology, like Usually it is named) . Is That A common form of elliptic galaxy, That, as it Indicates ITS name, it has the luminous profile of an ellipse. Have The circular spiral galaxies form, pero structure of powdered with curved arms wrapped up. Galaxies with irregular or unusual forms irregular galaxies and call Themselves They Are, Typically, the result of interferences Caused by the gravitational attraction of Neighbouring galaxies.
What is the Milky Way
The Milky Way is the Which galaxy is in the Solar system. In accordance "with the observations, it possessed a mass of 10 solar masses 12 and has spiral form, with an about 100,000 L diameter, It Has Been Calculated That it contains Thousand Between 200 and 400 million stars The distance from the Sun Until the center of the galaxy it is of around 28.000 light years (ly). The Milky Way is part of a group of Some forty (40)Called Local Group galaxies and it is bigger and more brilliant second after the galaxy of Andromeda.
The name eat Milky Way from the Greek mythology and in Latin it Means on the way of milk. That is, Indeed, the appearance of the band of light That surrounds the firmament, and so, it is Affirmed by the Greek mythology, Explaining That it is Spilled milk of the goddess's chest Hera, wife of Zeus, Who Refused to breastfeed the small Hercules, Because It Had Been fruit of an adventure.
Notices: ; Astronomical distances.
1AU is the distance from the Earth to the Sun and it is equal to 149'600, 000 km.
1 light year (ly) = 9.46x10 12 km = 63.241 AU = 0.3066 Parsecs
1 Parsec = 206.265 AU ;
In a terrestrial Cloudless night, the Milky Way is Appreciated like a blurred band of white light around the whole celestial sphere. The visual Phenomenon of the Milky Way is due to stars and Other materials That Are on the plane of the galaxy.
Appears The Milky Way more brilliant in the address of the Constellation of Sagittarius, Toward the center of the galaxy. The atmospheric pollution in our planet has taken to the Milky Way That Is Already Hardly visible at eye clean. However, in the country, in a starry night, the Milky Way Appears as a ring, That surrounds the night.
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Figure 1
Edwin Hubble Who WAS
Edwin Powell Hubble (Born 28/11/1889 in Missouri the WAS and the dead in Pasadena California 28/09/1953) That one of the scientists in the past Contributed more, to enlarge Our vision of the universe. Indeed, in the beginnings of the twentieth century, the astronomers Thought MOST of the Milky Way galaxy That Was the universe, with an extensionSome on of only FEW hundred of l ones. In the beginnings of the second Decade of last century, Harlow Shapley Demonstrated That the galaxy Had an extension of around 100,000 l, and Henrietta Leavitt Could Settle Down That Magellan's big and small clouds (two galaxies partners of ours, visible from the south hemisphere) They Were Outside of the frontiers of the Milky Way. Nevertheless, it Being Continued Some important the nature of objects as nebulae Known That Emitted to diffuse light.
Between 1923 and 1924, Hubble telescope The Biggest Used That Existed Then in the world, the Hooker of 100 inches, of Mount Wilson, to examine the nebula of Andromeda. As well as with an Incipient tel Galileoscopic More Than Three Centuries Before, Had Been Able to transform the diffuse light of the Milky Way Into stars, Hubble discovered and photographed with the craft of That Powerful telescope, the stars That Composed an arm of the spiral nebula of Andromeda, outside of Our galaxy. They Were the first pictures to objects Outside of Our Galaxy.
Among the stars of the spiral arm of Andromeda, Hubble found Some Cepheid's, and Applying the law of Henrietta Leavitt, I Calculated the distance of the nebula in 800,000 ly too far, Almost Above Our imagination. With it, astronomers have confirmed What Had Some Suspect: The milky stain of the distant nebula Had Been Revealed as a galaxy similar to ours. However, the nebula of Andromeda is one of the closer galaxies in the limits of Our Milky Way.
The Milky Way is observable Every night of the year, In Any part of the Earth, if the atmospheric Conditions allow it and if the light of the towns and cities Do not block it. It is like a milky cloud That forms a ring in the celestial sphere. The included two (2) shows us how the Milky Way is observed. Who does not know about this topic dog Imagine That, Those Are clouds of water stains Vapour, tenuously illuminated in the darkness of the night.
In memory of this scientist, the Hubble space telescope built WAS. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST for Their initials in Inglés) it is a robotic telescope Located in the external borders of the atmosphere, in circular orbit around the Earth, to 593 km. over sea level, with an orbital period Between 96 and 97 minutes. It Was put in orbit April 24 1990 in the mission STS-31 and as to combined project of the NASA and of the ASE.
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Figure 2
How the Milky Way is Formed
As It Was Pointed out, itIs Formed by stars, planets, comets, rocks, cosmic powder, gas, maybe matter and dark energy, although this is at level of plausible hypothesis.
As you see in the figure 1, the bigger Milky Way has three arms: Orion, Perseus and Sagittarius, an arm more small, Several globular clusters and a central nucleus or bulb, in Which is the maximum density of stars and one presume That, at least, it Supermasive Should exist a black hole.
Our solar system is in the arm of Orion and is Considered That the distance to the center of the galaxy is from 28000 ly. & nbsp;
To dimension this distance, let us remember That 28000 ly = 1.8 x 10 9 AU.
The diameter of the Sun is 1'392, 000 km = 0.0093 AU.
The Sun Earth distance is 1 AU.
The diameter of the Earth is 12.713 km. = 0.000085 AU
Therefore, it in the distance Sun - Centre of the Galaxy fit & nbsp;
1.8 x 10 9 / .0093 = 1935 solar 10 11 Diameters.
If the Sun is Represented by a ball of soccer of 0.3 m of diameter, Located in the Alpujarra (center of Medellin), the center of the galaxy, drawn to scale Would Be 1,935 11 x 10 x 0.3 m = 0.58 x 10 11 m, That is to say to 0.58 x 10 8 = 58'000 km, 000 km. as far as The Distance Between Earth and Mars.
It is spoken of a possible alignment Earth, Sun, Centreof the Galaxy for December 21 of 2012. It is commented as That That old cultures of the Mayan, it Had Predicted. This Would Have to Prove It, Since The Knowledge That There is on the Milky Way is too Recent, to accept That Old Societies That, Did not leave a legacy scientific Truly Have Been Able to make a similar prediction. Really, using an astronomical program, as World Wide Telescopes, it is Seen That alignment That Will not Give That day and it never Probably Be Given. Nevertheless, considering That the bulb of the galaxy is too big, if it is possible That There is an alignment, Earth - Sun - Galactic Bulb, although the alignment Does not point to the center of galaxy.
Finally, all the stars innd Objects That Can Be Observed by eye clean from the Earth, They belong to the Milky Way, except That Are Some objects in the constellation of Orion.
The Galaxy of Andromeda, Also well-known as Messier Object 31, Messier 31 or NGC 224, it is a giant spiral Galaxy, One of Those That Are in the Neighbourhood of the Milky Way. It is, at first sight, the farthest object visible from the Earth (although Some affirm to Be Able to see at first sight M · 33 That is a little farther)
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The Deep Universe
Our galaxy is Located in a group road Group. It is denominated Local Group of galaxies, in Which is ours, the Milky Way.
It is Dominated by two giant spiral galaxies, Andromeda and the Milky Way. The rest of galaxies, Some 30, They Are Smaller, Many of Them Are satellite galaxies of one of the Biggest.
The free galaxies rotate around thecenter of mass of the group, Located between Andromeda and the Milky Way. Also, Our Local Group is the Virgo Supercluster Contained inside, Toward Whose gravitational center, directs the Local Group.
Inside the Local Group Are Known three systems Dominated by massive galaxies That Acts as center of gravity, and Several galaxies acting as satellites:
The solar system is in the Milky Way. The Milky Way is in the Local Group. The Local Group is Contained in the Virgo Supercluster and still finish Does the universe.
All That There Is Beyond The Milky Way and of the Local Group, is Known like the deep space.
"The Virgo Supercluster, or Local Supercluster, the supercluster of galaxies is That contains to the Local Group and with it, to Our galaxy, the Milky Way. It has the shape of a plane disk, with a diameter of 200 millions of ly. The supercluster contains around 100 groups and clusters of galaxies, and it is Dominated by That Virgo Cluster, Located near ITS center. The Local Group is Located near the border of the Virgo Cluster, Which Is to Attract "(1). CHT MLXC
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